Determination of Biological Activity of Mixture Lime and Orange Peel Oils ☆

Few layer graphene (FLG) materials have been applied in different areas for over last decade thanks to their novel properties. In this work, FLG was produced from pencil lead by mechemical exfoliation method, this material was used as catalyst support for palladium (Pd) nanoparticles. Pd/FLG catalyst was characterised by several techniques including nitrogen adsorption - desorption isotherms (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectrum. The catalyst was tested for the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (CAL) and the result showed a high selectivity towards the C=C bond, over 94% of hydrocinnamaldehyde (HCAL) obtained at 80% of CAL conversion. The high selectivity to HCAL in this work would be related to two different aspects, the first is the high graphitization degrees of FLG (IG/ID = 5,7), the second is the particle size of Pd